Food Additive Numbering Scheme

The Food Additive Numbering Scheme was developed for use within the EU and enables the identification of food additives by code numbers. It is the scheme that generates the famed ‘E numbers’ that one sees in the ingredients declarations of food packages.

The European scheme is based on the International Numbering System for Food Additives devised by the Codex Alimentarius committee of the World Health Organisation and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.

The Food Additive Numbering Scheme provides a convenient means of classifying food additives as well as a kind of shorthand for quick identification – provided one either remembers the codes or has access to a code list. Unfortunately, in this respect, it is of small value to most consumers as they are unlikely to know what the codes stand for and, in many instances, if the name of an additive is used, their knowledge of it will likely be limited.

Websites such as this can of course help to clarify understanding.

For example…

The E number E481 is the code for the emulsifier sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate. Few consumers will understand what food emulsifiers do let alone what sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate actually is and how it works as an emulsifier.

The Categories

The Food Additive Numbering Scheme classifies food additives into different categories as shown in the following tables. Use the links to explore the function and uses of some of the selected food additives.

Food Colours

E number rangeAdditive identification
100-109 Yellows
110-119 Oranges
120-129 Reds
130-139 Blues and Violets
140-149 Greens
150-159 Browns and Blacks
160-199 Gold and other colours

Food Preservatives

E number rangeAdditive identification
200-210Sorbates
211-219Benzoates
220-229Sulphites
230-239Phenols & Formates (Methanoates)
240-259Nitrates
260-269Acetates (Ethanoates)
270-279Lactates
280-289Propionates (Propanoates)
290-299Others

Antioxidants and Acidity Regulators

E number rangeAdditive identification
300-305Ascorbates
306-309Tocopherol
310-319Gallates and Erythrobates
320-329Lactates
330-339Citrates and Tartrates
340-349Phosphates
350-359Malates and Adipates
360-369Succinates and Fumarates
370-399Others

Thickeners, Stabilizers and Emulsifiers

E number rangeAdditive identification
400-409Alginates
410-419Natural gums
420-429Other natural agents
430-439Polyoxythene compounds
440-449Natural emulsifiers
450-459Phosphates
460-469Celluloses
470-489Fatty acids and related compounds
490-499Others

pH Regulators and Anti-caking agents

E number rangeAdditive identification
500-509Mineral acids and bases
510-519Chlorides and sulphates
520-529Sulphates and hydroxides
530-549Alkali metal compounds
550-559Silicates
  
570-579Stearates and gluconates
580-599Others

Flavour Enhancers

E number rangeAdditive identification
620-629Glutamates and guanylates
630-639Isocynates
640-649Others

Miscellaneous

E number rangeAdditive identification
900-909Waxes
910-919Synthetic glazes
920-929Improving agents
930-949Packaging gasses
950-969Sweeteners
990-999Foaming agents

Additional Chemicals

E number rangeAdditive identification
1000-1525Various compounds
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